Factors associated with the risk of progression to precursor lesions or cervical cancer in women with negative cytologic findings

Abstract 

Objective

To evaluate factors associated with progression to cervical cancer or moderate to severe precursor lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 [CIN 2] or higher) in women with negative cervical screening results.

Method

A cohort of 1236 women from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was followed up for 36months. Hazards ratios (HR) and related 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate factors associated with the development of lesions grade CIN 2 or higher.

Results

After adjusting for age, education level, number of sexual partners, and parity, the presence of CIN 2 or more advanced lesions was associated with HPV infection (HR, 39.0; 95% CI, 9.8–156.0), smoking (HR, 7.7; 95% CI, 2.0–29.6), and early age at first sexual intercourse (HR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.1–15.1).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that women at increased risk for cervical cancer be screened for HPV at the time of cervical screening, particularly in areas where access to health services is difficult. Antismoking strategies especially targeting young women should be a priority in a comprehensive women's health care program.

Keywords: Cervical neoplasia, Disease progression, Normal cytologic finding, Human papillomavirus, Risk factors, Smoking